Rate limiting is a technique that restricts the number of requests a client can make to a server within a given time window. Websites use it to prevent server overload and control automated access.
The server tracks incoming requests by IP address, session, or API key. When a client exceeds the allowed threshold (e.g., 60 requests per minute), the server responds with HTTP 429 (Too Many Requests) and may include a Retry-After header. Some implementations use token bucket or sliding window algorithms. Persistent violators may get their IP blocked entirely.
Handle it deliberately in production scrapers -- most breakage traces back to skipping this step.
USER-country-de-session-task01Add this string to your scraper's proxy credentials and every request in the job shares one exit IP, which keeps rate limiting-related behavior consistent across the run. Change "task01" per worker to isolate parallel scrapes.
Isolate the logic for this step so every scraper in the project shares one tested implementation.
Sites change layouts and behavior over time -- recheck this part of the scraper on a schedule, not just at launch.
This works best over residential or ISP IPs, so the target sees ordinary browsing rather than clustered datacenter traffic.
Capture what actually failed so a broken selector or a new status code surfaces instead of getting masked by automatic retries.
An API limits each API key to 100 requests per minute and returns HTTP 429 with a Retry-After: 30 header when a client exceeds the limit.
Rate limits are the most common obstacle in data collection. Using rotating proxies spreads requests across many IPs, keeping each IP request count below the rate limit threshold.
Look for HTTP 429 status codes, sudden increases in response time, CAPTCHA challenges, or empty responses. Some sites return 200 with a CAPTCHA page instead of a 429, so always validate response content.
If the API rate-limits by IP address, rotating proxies distribute requests across many IPs to stay under per-IP limits. If the API rate-limits by API key or account, proxies alone will not help.
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